{"id":18569,"date":"2020-05-29T08:30:54","date_gmt":"2020-05-29T06:30:54","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.kaufholdreveillaud.dominocom.lu\/facial-recognition-a-risk-free-and-flawless-tool-in-the-fight-against-terrorism-and-its-funding\/"},"modified":"2020-05-29T08:30:54","modified_gmt":"2020-05-29T06:30:54","slug":"facial-recognition-a-risk-free-and-flawless-tool-in-the-fight-against-terrorism-and-its-funding","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.kaufholdreveillaud.lu\/en\/facial-recognition-a-risk-free-and-flawless-tool-in-the-fight-against-terrorism-and-its-funding\/","title":{"rendered":"Facial recognition: a flawless, risk-free tool in the fight against terrorism and its financing?"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2>Do you remember that day on November 13, 2015?<\/h2>\n<p>Everybody remembers it, nobody has forgotten it. France suffered one of the most appalling attacks in its history, with 130 dead on stage at the Bataclan and in the streets of our beautiful capital.<\/p>\n<p>On March 22, 2016, in Brussels, the sound of explosive charges echoed the French misadventure.<\/p>\n<p>&#8220;The man in the hat&#8221;<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_18569_1('footnote_plugin_reference_18569_1_1');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_18569_1('footnote_plugin_reference_18569_1_1');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_18569_1_1\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">1)<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_18569_1_1\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">Julien Balboni &#8211; March 20, 2017- &#8220;The man in the hat was donated by one of his &#8220;friends&#8221; &#8211; Le Parisien- <span lang=\"EN-US\"><br \/>\n  <a href=\"http:\/\/www.leparisien.fr\/faits-divers\/attentats-de-bruxelles-l-homme-au-chapeau-a-ete-donne-par-un-de-ses-amis-20-03-2017-6777927.php-\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><br \/>\n    <span lang=\"FR\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">http:\/\/www.leparisien.fr\/faits-divers\/attentats-de-bruxelles-l-homme-au-chapeau-a-ete-donne-par-un-de-ses-amis-20-03-<\/span><\/span><br \/>\n  <\/a><br \/>\n<\/span> <span lang=\"EN-US\"><br \/>\n  <a href=\"http:\/\/www.leparisien.fr\/faits-divers\/attentats-de-bruxelles-l-homme-au-chapeau-a-ete-donne-par-un-de-ses-amis-20-03-2017-6777927.php-\"><br \/>\n    <span lang=\"FR\">2017-6777927.php- <\/span><br \/>\n  <\/a><br \/>\n<\/span>(May 8, 2020)<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_18569_1_1').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_18569_1_1', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'top center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script>, a member of the group of masterminds behind the Brussels attack, has been identified. The hat, however, is only a scum, for beneath its cover lies a face with specific, genetically unique features.<\/p>\n<p>These facial features are now used to charge, via facial recognition. In the digital age, this innovation can be a cutting-edge tool in the fight against terrorism and its financing.<\/p>\n<p>But is this technology really risk-free and flawless?<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2>Facial recognition and the fight against terrorism<\/h2>\n<p>In the fight against terrorism, current software confuses no less than 80 nodal points.<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_18569_1('footnote_plugin_reference_18569_1_2');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_18569_1('footnote_plugin_reference_18569_1_2');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_18569_1_2\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">2)<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_18569_1_2\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">Bastien L. -October 23, 2019- &#8220;Facial recognition: what is it and what are the dangers?&#8221; &#8211; Big Data- <a href=\"https:\/\/www.lebigdata.fr\/reconnaissance-faciale-tout-savoir-\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/www.lebigdata.fr\/reconnaissance-faciale-tout-savoir-<\/span><\/a> (May 8, 2020)<br \/>\n<br \/><\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_18569_1_2').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_18569_1_2', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'top center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script> Gaps between eyes, size of mouth, ears, &#8230;so many characteristics allowing the software to answer the question &#8220;Are you who you say you are?&#8221;<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_18569_1('footnote_plugin_reference_18569_1_3');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_18569_1('footnote_plugin_reference_18569_1_3');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_18569_1_3\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">3)<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_18569_1_3\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">Thales- &#8221; Facial recognition: 7 trends to watch for 2020 <span lang=\"EN-US\"><br \/>\n  <span lang=\"FR\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thalesgroup.com\/fr\/europe\/france\/dis\/gouvernement\/biometrie\/reconnaissance-faciale\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/www.thalesgroup.com\/fr\/europe\/france\/dis\/gouvernement\/biometrie\/reconnaissance-faciale<\/span><\/a> <\/span><br \/>\n<\/span>(May 8, 2020) <\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_18569_1_3').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_18569_1_3', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'top center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script><\/p>\n<p>The &#8220;Big Brother is watching you&#8221; maxim<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_18569_1('footnote_plugin_reference_18569_1_4');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_18569_1('footnote_plugin_reference_18569_1_4');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_18569_1_4\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">4)<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_18569_1_4\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">Les Echos-November 15, 2019-&#8220;France in China&#8217;s footsteps&#8221; &#8211;  <a href=\"https:\/\/www.lesechos.fr\/tech-%20medias\/hightech\/reconnaissance-faciale-la-france-dans-les-pas-de-la-chine-1148238\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/www.lesechos.fr\/tech-<\/span> medias\/hightech\/reconnaissance-faciale-la-france-dans-les-pas-de-la-chine-1148238<\/a> &#8211; (May 8, 2020)<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_18569_1_4').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_18569_1_4', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'top center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script>  might now be inclined to take on the challenges of this technology under a broader umbrella: &#8220;Smile, &#8216;Big Brother is catching you.<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_18569_1('footnote_plugin_reference_18569_1_5');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_18569_1('footnote_plugin_reference_18569_1_5');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_18569_1_5\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">5)<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_18569_1_5\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\"><span lang=\"EN-US\">Elektor Team-10 December 2013- &#8220;Big Brother is catching <\/span><span lang=\"EN-US\">you&#8221;- <a href=\"https:\/\/www.elektormagazine.fr\/news\/big-brother-is-catching-you\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Elektor &#8211; <span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/www.elektormagazine.fr\/news\/big-brother-is-catching-you<\/span><\/a><\/span><span lang=\"EN-US\"> &#8211; (<\/span><span lang=\"EN-US\"> May<\/span><span lang=\"EN-US\"> 8,<\/span><span lang=\"EN-US\"> 2020)<\/span><\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_18569_1_5').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_18569_1_5', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'top center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script><\/p>\n<p>Facial recognition has thus established itself as a solution for the security of the greatest number of people, and also in the fight against terrorism.<\/p>\n<p>In the case of the Brussels attacks, the tool used by the FBI to identify Mohamed Abrini combines two technologies. Interstate Photo System, a database containing 52 million photographs of individuals in 2014.<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_18569_1('footnote_plugin_reference_18569_1_6');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_18569_1('footnote_plugin_reference_18569_1_6');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_18569_1_6\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">6)<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_18569_1_6\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">La R\u00e9daction- Itespresso-September 17, 2014- &#8220;FBI refines facial recognition&#8221;- <a href=\"https:\/\/www.itespresso.fr\/fbi-sinitie-reconnaissance-faciale-79184.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/www.itespresso.fr\/fbi-sinitie-reconnaissance-faciale-79184.html<\/span><\/a> &#8211; (May 8, 2020)<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_18569_1_6').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_18569_1_6', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'top center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script>412 million in 2016.<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_18569_1('footnote_plugin_reference_18569_1_7');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_18569_1('footnote_plugin_reference_18569_1_7');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_18569_1_7\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">7)<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_18569_1_7\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">Jean-Marc De Jaeger-June 16, 2016-&#8221; The FBI has 412 million photos for its facial recognition tool&#8221;- Le Figaro Tech et Web- <a href=\"https:\/\/www.lefigaro.fr\/secteur\/high-tech\/2016\/06\/16\/32001-20160616ARTFIG00143-le-fbi-dispose-de-412-millions-de-photos-pour-son-outil-de-reconnaissance-faciale.php\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/www.lefigaro.fr\/secteur\/high-tech\/2016\/06\/16\/32001-20160616ARTFIG00143-le-fbi-dispose-de-412-millions-de-photos-pour-son-outil-de-reconnaissance-faciale.php<\/span><\/a> &#8211; (May 8, 2020)<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_18569_1_7').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_18569_1_7', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'top center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script>  This database is merged with the &#8220;Rap Back&#8221; program, which keeps criminal records.<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_18569_1('footnote_plugin_reference_18569_1_8');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_18569_1('footnote_plugin_reference_18569_1_8');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_18569_1_8\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">8)<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_18569_1_8\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">La R\u00e9daction- Itespresso-September 17, 2014- &#8220;FBI refines facial recognition&#8221; &#8211;  <a href=\"https:\/\/www.itespresso.fr\/fbi-sinitie-reconnaissance-faciale-79184.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/www.itespresso.fr\/fbi-sinitie-reconnaissance-faciale-79184.html<\/span><\/a> &#8211; (May 8, 2020)  <\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_18569_1_8').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_18569_1_8', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'top center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script><\/p>\n<p>In the United States, the &#8220;Patriot Act&#8221; signed on October 26, 2011, gives legitimacy to cyber surveillance with a single objective: &#8220;to unite and strengthen America by providing the appropriate tools to detect and counter terrorism&#8221;.<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_18569_1('footnote_plugin_reference_18569_1_9');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_18569_1('footnote_plugin_reference_18569_1_9');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_18569_1_9\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">9)<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_18569_1_9\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">Gaelle Inchaurraga- November 24, 2019- &#8220;Patriot Act&#8221;- Dictionnaire du renseignement- Hors Collection- Editions Perrin- 2018- pages 592 to 593-\u00a71-Caine.info- <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/dictionnaire-du-renseignement--9782262070564-page-592.htm-%20(8?contenu=article\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/dictionnaire-du-renseignement&#8211;9782262070564-page-592.htm-%20(8?contenu=article<\/span> <\/a>(May 8, 2020)<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_18569_1_9').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_18569_1_9', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'top center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script>  Following Edouard Snowden&#8217;s revelations about the mass telephone surveillance enabled by Section 215, its corpus was lightened of these controversial provisions, in 2015.<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_18569_1('footnote_plugin_reference_18569_1_10');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_18569_1('footnote_plugin_reference_18569_1_10');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_18569_1_10\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">10)<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_18569_1_10\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">Gaelle Inchaurraga- November 24, 2019- &#8220;Patriot Act&#8221;- Dictionnaire du renseignement- Hors Collection- Editions Perrin- 2018- pages 592 to 593-\u00a71-Caine.info-  <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/dictionnaire-du-renseignement--9782262070564-page-592.htm-%20(8?contenu=article\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/dictionnaire-du-renseignement&#8211;9782262070564-page-592.htm-%20(8?contenu=article<\/span><\/a> (8 mai 2020)<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_18569_1_10').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_18569_1_10', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'top center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script><\/p>\n<p>In France, however, legislators seem more reserved.<\/p>\n<p>The Commission Nationale de l&#8217;Informatique et des Libert\u00e9s ensures that everyone&#8217;s rights are respected.<\/p>\n<p>On November 12, 2018, an aborted bill, introduced by Madame Deputy Marine Brenier, had in spite of everything, the ambition to allow the exploitation of video-surveillance images, by confusing the register of people on the S list with the automated fingerprint file (FAED).<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_18569_1('footnote_plugin_reference_18569_1_11');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_18569_1('footnote_plugin_reference_18569_1_11');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_18569_1_11\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">11)<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_18569_1_11\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">Marine Brenier- September 27, 2017-Assembl\u00e9e Nationale-n\u00b0194-Proposition de loi-  <a href=\"http:\/\/www.assemblee-nationale.fr\/dyn\/15\/textes\/l15b0194_proposition-loi\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><span lang=\"EN-US\"><br \/>\n  <span lang=\"FR\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">http:\/\/www.assemblee-<\/span><\/span><br \/>\n<\/span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><br \/>\n  <span lang=\"FR\">national.fr\/dyn\/15\/texts\/l15b0194_proposition-loi<\/span><br \/>\n<\/span><\/a>  (May 8, 2020)<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_18569_1_11').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_18569_1_11', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'top center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script><\/p>\n<p>France, guarantor of individual freedoms, does not seem to wish to undermine them in favor of mass surveillance. However, this assertion may soon be revoked. The Pr\u00fcm Treaty of May 27, 2005, which enables the communication of information between seven European Union member states, including France, is reportedly being revised to include the exchange of facial biometric data in the fight against terrorism.<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_18569_1('footnote_plugin_reference_18569_1_12');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_18569_1('footnote_plugin_reference_18569_1_12');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_18569_1_12\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">12)<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_18569_1_12\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">Yannick Chatelain- March 5, 2020- &#8220;Surveillance des citoyens de l&#8217;UE : l&#8217;inqui\u00e9tant projet d&#8217;un trait\u00e9 &#8221; Pr\u00fcm &#8221; nouvelle g\u00e9n\u00e9ration&#8221; &#8211; Counterpoints &#8211; <a href=\"https:\/\/www.contrepoints.org\/2020\/03\/05\/365744-surveillance-des-citoyens-de-lue-linquietant-projet-dun-traite-prum-nouvelle-generation\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/www.contrepoints.org\/2020\/03\/05\/365744-surveillance-des-citoyens-de-lue-linquietant-projet-dun-traite-prum-nouvelle-generation<\/span><\/a><span lang=\"EN-US\"><br \/>\n  <span lang=\"FR\"> &#8211;<\/span><br \/>\n<\/span> (May 8, 2020)<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_18569_1_12').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_18569_1_12', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'top center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script>  To be continued&#8230;.<\/p>\n<p>These constitutional principles do not prevent global innovation.<\/p>\n<p>In Japan, a company has developed a program that can identify one in 36 million people in one second.<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_18569_1('footnote_plugin_reference_18569_1_13');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_18569_1('footnote_plugin_reference_18569_1_13');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_18569_1_13\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">13)<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_18569_1_13\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">Philippe Richard-3 aout 2017-&#8220;Facial recognition looks for the right profile&#8221;- Techniques de l&#8217;ing\u00e9nieur &#8211; L&#8217;actu de l&#8217;innovation &#8211; <span lang=\"EN-US\"><br \/>\n  <span lang=\"FR\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.techniques-ingenieur.fr\/actualite\/articles\/la-reconnaissance-faciale-cherche-le-bon-profil-45412\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/www.techniques-ingenieur.fr\/actualite\/articles\/la-reconnaissance-faciale-cherche-le-bon-profil-45412<\/span><\/a> &#8211;<\/span><br \/>\n<\/span> <span lang=\"EN-US\"><br \/>\n  <span lang=\"FR\">(8<\/span><br \/>\n<\/span> May 2020)<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_18569_1_13').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_18569_1_13', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'top center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script><\/p>\n<p>Other processes go even further. In this respect, Israeli software can detect potential terrorists and anticipate attacks through facial profiling.<\/p>\n<p>It would seem that there is cause and effect. 15 secretly-guarded criteria are used to evaluate facial features and categorize them according to specific characteristics (terrorists, poker players&#8230;). Our personality is determined by our DNA and is reflected in our face. It&#8217;s a type of signal.<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_18569_1('footnote_plugin_reference_18569_1_14');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_18569_1('footnote_plugin_reference_18569_1_14');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_18569_1_14\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">14)<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_18569_1_14\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">Noga Bar-Noye &#8211; May 29, 2016-&#8220;Terrorism or criminal: new facial profiling software&#8221;- Alliance &#8211; <span lang=\"EN-US\"><br \/>\n  <span lang=\"FR\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www1.alliancefr.com\/actualites\/terroriste-ou-criminel-un-nouveau-logiciel-de-profilage-facial-6039683\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">http:\/\/www1.alliancefr.com\/actualites\/terroriste-ou-criminel-un-nouveau-logiciel-de-profilage-facial-6039683<\/span><\/a> <\/span><br \/>\n  <span lang=\"FR\">&#8211; (8<\/span><br \/>\n<\/span> May 2020)<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_18569_1_14').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_18569_1_14', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'top center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script>  For example, the software identified nine of the eleven masterminds of the Paris attack, unknown to any database, as potential genetic terrorists.<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_18569_1('footnote_plugin_reference_18569_1_15');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_18569_1('footnote_plugin_reference_18569_1_15');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_18569_1_15\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">15)<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_18569_1_15\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">Noga Bar-Noye- May 29, 2016- &#8220;Terrorism or criminal: new facial profiling software&#8221; &#8211; Alliance &#8211;  <a href=\"http:\/\/www1.alliancefr.com\/actualites\/terroriste-ou-criminel-un-nouveau-logiciel-de-profilage-facial-6039683-%20(8\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">http:\/\/www1.alliancefr.com\/actualites\/terroriste-ou-criminel-un-nouveau-logiciel-de-profilage-facial-6039683<\/span><\/a> &#8211; (May 8, 2020)<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_18569_1_15').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_18569_1_15', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'top center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script><\/p>\n<p>The start-up claims 80% conclusive results.<\/p>\n<p>But wouldn&#8217;t this violate the principle of presumption of innocence?<\/p>\n<p>Cesare Beccaria said: &#8220;Justice must respect everyone&#8217;s right to be believed innocent&#8221;<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_18569_1('footnote_plugin_reference_18569_1_16');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_18569_1('footnote_plugin_reference_18569_1_16');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_18569_1_16\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">16)<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_18569_1_16\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">Collin de Plancy- &#8220;Cesare Baccaria-Des d\u00e9lits et des peines&#8221; &#8211; \u00c9ditions du Boucher- 2002- p26-\u00a76- <a href=\"http:\/\/www.leboucher.com\/pdf\/beccaria\/beccaria.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">http:\/\/www.leboucher.com\/pdf\/beccaria\/beccaria.pdf<\/span><\/a> (May 8, 2020)<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_18569_1_16').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_18569_1_16', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'top center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script><\/p>\n<p>Other innovations seem to go against the grain of anti-terrorism procedures.<\/p>\n<p>In Russia, a computer scientist has succeeded in thwarting the facial recognition system with an algorithm that generates facial make-up in the form of stripes affixed to nodal points, making it impossible to identify individuals.<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_18569_1('footnote_plugin_reference_18569_1_17');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_18569_1('footnote_plugin_reference_18569_1_17');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_18569_1_17\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">17)<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_18569_1_17\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">Nathalie Kleczinski-July 9, 2019-&#8220;They invent makeup that fools facial recognition software&#8221; &#8211;  <span lang=\"EN-US\"><br \/>\n  <span lang=\"FR\">Neozone- <a href=\"https:\/\/www.neozone.org\/innovation\/ils-inventent-des-maquillages-qui-trompent-les-logiciels-de-reconnaissance-faciale\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/www.neozone.org\/innovation\/ils-inventent-des-maquillages-qui-trompent-les-logiciels-de-reconnaissance-faciale<\/span><\/a><\/span><br \/>\n<\/span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><br \/>\n  <span lang=\"FR\"> &#8211; (<\/span><br \/>\n  <span lang=\"FR\">8<\/span><br \/>\n<\/span>  May 2020)<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_18569_1_17').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_18569_1_17', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'top center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script><\/p>\n<p>While the French legislative arsenal does not seem inclined to shatter a number of constitutional principles, the fight against terrorism will undoubtedly be waged at source, by detecting financial transactions likely to contribute to its financing.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2>Facial recognition in the fight against money laundering and terrorist financing.<\/h2>\n<p><strong> <\/strong>Innovations in the fight against the financing of terrorism and money laundering are not to be outdone.<\/p>\n<p>Some companies specialize in biometric identification.<\/p>\n<p>A library of images, grouping together &#8220;sensitive&#8221; individuals, used by a facial recognition system, improves identification of at-risk customers and reduces the false positive rate.<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_18569_1('footnote_plugin_reference_18569_1_18');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_18569_1('footnote_plugin_reference_18569_1_18');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_18569_1_18\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">18)<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_18569_1_18\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\"><span lang=\"EN-US\"><br \/>\n  <a href=\"https:\/\/www.facepoint.co\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><br \/>\n    <span lang=\"FR\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/www.facepoint.co<\/span><\/span><br \/>\n  <\/a><br \/>\n<\/span> and Facepoint- &#8221; Facepoint Joins NVIDIA Inception Program-June 07 2018-<span lang=\"EN-US\"><br \/>\n  <a href=\"https:\/\/www.prnewswire.com\/news-releases\/facepoint-joins-nvidia-inception-program-684812531.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><br \/>\n    <span lang=\"FR\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/www.prnewswire.com\/news-releases\/facepoint-joins-nvidia-inception-program-684812531.html<\/span> <\/span><br \/>\n  <\/a><br \/>\n  <span lang=\"FR\">&#8211; (8<\/span><br \/>\n<\/span> May 2020)<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_18569_1_18').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_18569_1_18', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'top center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script><\/p>\n<p>Alongside this process, other innovations enable secure transactions to be carried out and bank accounts to be opened remotely, using facial biometric authentication. To guarantee compliance with regulatory standards and identification procedures, the ID document supplied with the file is scanned and analyzed instantly by the software. These documents are mistaken for a selfie sent by the customer. A further check is then carried out by videoconference with a bank advisor. The system has been authorized by the Cnil on condition that none of this data is retained.  <span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_18569_1('footnote_plugin_reference_18569_1_19');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_18569_1('footnote_plugin_reference_18569_1_19');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_18569_1_19\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">19)<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_18569_1_19\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">Sharon Wajsbrot-February 15, 2018-&#8220;Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 G\u00e9n\u00e9rale va ou un compte grace \u00e0 la biom\u00e9trie faciale&#8221;- Les Echos&#8211;  <span lang=\"EN-US\"><br \/>\n  <span lang=\"FR\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.lesechos.fr\/2018\/02\/societe-generale-va-ouvrir-des-comptes-grace-a-la-biometrie-faciale-984551\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/www.lesechos.fr\/2018\/02\/societe-generale-va-ouvrir-des-comptes-grace-a-la-biometrie-faciale-984551<\/span><\/a> &#8211; <\/span><br \/>\n<\/span>( May 8, 2020)<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_18569_1_19').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_18569_1_19', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'top center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script>  This would seem to be the perfect answer to the adage: &#8220;I only believe what I see.  <span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_18569_1('footnote_plugin_reference_18569_1_20');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_18569_1('footnote_plugin_reference_18569_1_20');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_18569_1_20\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">20)<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_18569_1_20\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">Philip K-Dick-&#8220;I only believe what I see I only believe what I see&#8221;: can we stick to this principle? &#8220;February 28, 2006- <a href=\"https:\/\/www.philo52.com\/articles.php?lng=fr&amp;pg=241\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/www.philo52.com\/articles.php?lng=fr&amp;pg=241<\/span><\/a> &#8211; (May 8, 2020<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_18569_1_20').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_18569_1_20', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'top center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script><\/p>\n<p>But reality can be subjective, and appearances can be deceptive&#8230;<\/p>\n<p>In this respect, aren&#8217;t Deepfake masks a new threat to facial recognition?<\/p>\n<p>This process enables the manipulation of photographic and video images, and the superimposition of voices.<\/p>\n<p>In China, an application offers the possibility of replacing one face with another, be it<\/p>\n<p>on a photograph or in a video.<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_18569_1('footnote_plugin_reference_18569_1_21');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_18569_1('footnote_plugin_reference_18569_1_21');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_18569_1_21\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">21)<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_18569_1_21\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">L&#8217;Obs avec AFP- September 4, 2019-&#8220;Zao, l&#8217;application qui met le &#8221; deepfake &#8221; \u00e0 la port\u00e9e de tous&#8221;- L&#8217;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nouvelobs.com\/monde\/20190904.OBS17972\/zao-l-application-qui-met-le-deepfake-a-la-portee-de-tous.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">OBS-<span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/www.nouvelobs.com\/monde\/20190904.OBS17972\/zao-l-application-qui-met-le-deepfake-a-la-portee-de-tous.html<\/span> <\/a>(May 8, 2020)<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_18569_1_21').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_18569_1_21', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'top center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script>  This mechanism was notably used in a &#8220;president fraud&#8221; scam. By appropriating the voice of a multinational CEO, a &#8220;Deepfake&#8221; scammer managed to mislead the firm&#8217;s employees and embezzled 220,000 euros.<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_18569_1('footnote_plugin_reference_18569_1_22');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_18569_1('footnote_plugin_reference_18569_1_22');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_18569_1_22\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">22)<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_18569_1_22\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">L.Adam- September 3, 2019- &#8220;Deppfake: the scam boosted by neural networks&#8221;- ZDNet- <a href=\"https:\/\/www.zdnet.fr\/actualites\/deepfake-l-arnaque-boostee-aux-reseaux-neuronaux-39889969.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/www.zdnet.fr\/actualites\/deepfake-l-arnaque-boostee-aux-reseaux-neuronaux-39889969.htm<\/span><\/a> (May 8, 2020)<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_18569_1_22').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_18569_1_22', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'top center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script><\/p>\n<p>In its current state, facial recognition may reasonably presage a number of developments that will be interesting to observe and analyze.<\/p>\n<div class=\"speaker-mute footnotes_reference_container\"> <div class=\"footnote_container_prepare\"><p><span role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_reference_container_label pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_expand_collapse_reference_container_18569_1();\">&#x202F;<\/span><span role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_reference_container_collapse_button\" style=\"display: none;\" onclick=\"footnote_expand_collapse_reference_container_18569_1();\">[<a id=\"footnote_reference_container_collapse_button_18569_1\">+<\/a>]<\/span><\/p><\/div> <div id=\"footnote_references_container_18569_1\" style=\"\"><table class=\"footnotes_table footnote-reference-container\"><caption class=\"accessibility\">References<\/caption> <tbody> \r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_18569_1_1\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_18569_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_18569_1_1');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>1<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Julien Balboni &#8211; March 20, 2017- &#8220;The man in the hat was donated by one of his &#8220;friends&#8221; &#8211; Le Parisien- <span lang=\"EN-US\"><br \/>\n  <a href=\"http:\/\/www.leparisien.fr\/faits-divers\/attentats-de-bruxelles-l-homme-au-chapeau-a-ete-donne-par-un-de-ses-amis-20-03-2017-6777927.php-\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><br \/>\n    <span lang=\"FR\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">http:\/\/www.leparisien.fr\/faits-divers\/attentats-de-bruxelles-l-homme-au-chapeau-a-ete-donne-par-un-de-ses-amis-20-03-<\/span><\/span><br \/>\n  <\/a><br \/>\n<\/span> <span lang=\"EN-US\"><br \/>\n  <a href=\"http:\/\/www.leparisien.fr\/faits-divers\/attentats-de-bruxelles-l-homme-au-chapeau-a-ete-donne-par-un-de-ses-amis-20-03-2017-6777927.php-\"><br \/>\n    <span lang=\"FR\">2017-6777927.php- <\/span><br \/>\n  <\/a><br \/>\n<\/span>(May 8, 2020)<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_18569_1_2\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_18569_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_18569_1_2');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>2<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Bastien L. -October 23, 2019- &#8220;Facial recognition: what is it and what are the dangers?&#8221; &#8211; Big Data- <a href=\"https:\/\/www.lebigdata.fr\/reconnaissance-faciale-tout-savoir-\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/www.lebigdata.fr\/reconnaissance-faciale-tout-savoir-<\/span><\/a> (May 8, 2020)<\/p>\n<p><\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_18569_1_3\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_18569_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_18569_1_3');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>3<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Thales- &#8221; Facial recognition: 7 trends to watch for 2020 <span lang=\"EN-US\"><br \/>\n  <span lang=\"FR\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thalesgroup.com\/fr\/europe\/france\/dis\/gouvernement\/biometrie\/reconnaissance-faciale\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/www.thalesgroup.com\/fr\/europe\/france\/dis\/gouvernement\/biometrie\/reconnaissance-faciale<\/span><\/a> <\/span><br \/>\n<\/span>(May 8, 2020) <\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_18569_1_4\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_18569_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_18569_1_4');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>4<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Les Echos-November 15, 2019-&#8220;France in China&#8217;s footsteps&#8221; &#8211;  <a href=\"https:\/\/www.lesechos.fr\/tech-%20medias\/hightech\/reconnaissance-faciale-la-france-dans-les-pas-de-la-chine-1148238\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/www.lesechos.fr\/tech-<\/span> medias\/hightech\/reconnaissance-faciale-la-france-dans-les-pas-de-la-chine-1148238<\/a> &#8211; (May 8, 2020)<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_18569_1_5\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_18569_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_18569_1_5');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>5<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\"><span lang=\"EN-US\">Elektor Team-10 December 2013- &#8220;Big Brother is catching <\/span><span lang=\"EN-US\">you&#8221;- <a href=\"https:\/\/www.elektormagazine.fr\/news\/big-brother-is-catching-you\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Elektor &#8211; <span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/www.elektormagazine.fr\/news\/big-brother-is-catching-you<\/span><\/a><\/span><span lang=\"EN-US\"> &#8211; (<\/span><span lang=\"EN-US\"> May<\/span><span lang=\"EN-US\"> 8,<\/span><span lang=\"EN-US\"> 2020)<\/span><\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_18569_1_6\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_18569_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_18569_1_6');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>6<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">La R\u00e9daction- Itespresso-September 17, 2014- &#8220;FBI refines facial recognition&#8221;- <a href=\"https:\/\/www.itespresso.fr\/fbi-sinitie-reconnaissance-faciale-79184.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/www.itespresso.fr\/fbi-sinitie-reconnaissance-faciale-79184.html<\/span><\/a> &#8211; (May 8, 2020)<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_18569_1_7\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_18569_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_18569_1_7');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>7<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Jean-Marc De Jaeger-June 16, 2016-&#8221; The FBI has 412 million photos for its facial recognition tool&#8221;- Le Figaro Tech et Web- <a href=\"https:\/\/www.lefigaro.fr\/secteur\/high-tech\/2016\/06\/16\/32001-20160616ARTFIG00143-le-fbi-dispose-de-412-millions-de-photos-pour-son-outil-de-reconnaissance-faciale.php\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/www.lefigaro.fr\/secteur\/high-tech\/2016\/06\/16\/32001-20160616ARTFIG00143-le-fbi-dispose-de-412-millions-de-photos-pour-son-outil-de-reconnaissance-faciale.php<\/span><\/a> &#8211; (May 8, 2020)<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_18569_1_8\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_18569_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_18569_1_8');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>8<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">La R\u00e9daction- Itespresso-September 17, 2014- &#8220;FBI refines facial recognition&#8221; &#8211;  <a href=\"https:\/\/www.itespresso.fr\/fbi-sinitie-reconnaissance-faciale-79184.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/www.itespresso.fr\/fbi-sinitie-reconnaissance-faciale-79184.html<\/span><\/a> &#8211; (May 8, 2020)  <\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_18569_1_9\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_18569_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_18569_1_9');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>9<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Gaelle Inchaurraga- November 24, 2019- &#8220;Patriot Act&#8221;- Dictionnaire du renseignement- Hors Collection- Editions Perrin- 2018- pages 592 to 593-\u00a71-Caine.info- <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/dictionnaire-du-renseignement--9782262070564-page-592.htm-%20(8?contenu=article\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/dictionnaire-du-renseignement&#8211;9782262070564-page-592.htm-%20(8?contenu=article<\/span> <\/a>(May 8, 2020)<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_18569_1_10\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_18569_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_18569_1_10');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>10<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Gaelle Inchaurraga- November 24, 2019- &#8220;Patriot Act&#8221;- Dictionnaire du renseignement- Hors Collection- Editions Perrin- 2018- pages 592 to 593-\u00a71-Caine.info-  <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/dictionnaire-du-renseignement--9782262070564-page-592.htm-%20(8?contenu=article\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/dictionnaire-du-renseignement&#8211;9782262070564-page-592.htm-%20(8?contenu=article<\/span><\/a> (8 mai 2020)<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_18569_1_11\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_18569_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_18569_1_11');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>11<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Marine Brenier- September 27, 2017-Assembl\u00e9e Nationale-n\u00b0194-Proposition de loi-  <a href=\"http:\/\/www.assemblee-nationale.fr\/dyn\/15\/textes\/l15b0194_proposition-loi\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><span lang=\"EN-US\"><br \/>\n  <span lang=\"FR\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">http:\/\/www.assemblee-<\/span><\/span><br \/>\n<\/span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><br \/>\n  <span lang=\"FR\">national.fr\/dyn\/15\/texts\/l15b0194_proposition-loi<\/span><br \/>\n<\/span><\/a>  (May 8, 2020)<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_18569_1_12\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_18569_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_18569_1_12');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>12<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Yannick Chatelain- March 5, 2020- &#8220;Surveillance des citoyens de l&#8217;UE : l&#8217;inqui\u00e9tant projet d&#8217;un trait\u00e9 &#8221; Pr\u00fcm &#8221; nouvelle g\u00e9n\u00e9ration&#8221; &#8211; Counterpoints &#8211; <a href=\"https:\/\/www.contrepoints.org\/2020\/03\/05\/365744-surveillance-des-citoyens-de-lue-linquietant-projet-dun-traite-prum-nouvelle-generation\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/www.contrepoints.org\/2020\/03\/05\/365744-surveillance-des-citoyens-de-lue-linquietant-projet-dun-traite-prum-nouvelle-generation<\/span><\/a><span lang=\"EN-US\"><br \/>\n  <span lang=\"FR\"> &#8211;<\/span><br \/>\n<\/span> (May 8, 2020)<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_18569_1_13\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_18569_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_18569_1_13');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>13<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Philippe Richard-3 aout 2017-&#8220;Facial recognition looks for the right profile&#8221;- Techniques de l&#8217;ing\u00e9nieur &#8211; L&#8217;actu de l&#8217;innovation &#8211; <span lang=\"EN-US\"><br \/>\n  <span lang=\"FR\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.techniques-ingenieur.fr\/actualite\/articles\/la-reconnaissance-faciale-cherche-le-bon-profil-45412\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/www.techniques-ingenieur.fr\/actualite\/articles\/la-reconnaissance-faciale-cherche-le-bon-profil-45412<\/span><\/a> &#8211;<\/span><br \/>\n<\/span> <span lang=\"EN-US\"><br \/>\n  <span lang=\"FR\">(8<\/span><br \/>\n<\/span> May 2020)<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_18569_1_14\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_18569_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_18569_1_14');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>14<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Noga Bar-Noye &#8211; May 29, 2016-&#8220;Terrorism or criminal: new facial profiling software&#8221;- Alliance &#8211; <span lang=\"EN-US\"><br \/>\n  <span lang=\"FR\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www1.alliancefr.com\/actualites\/terroriste-ou-criminel-un-nouveau-logiciel-de-profilage-facial-6039683\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">http:\/\/www1.alliancefr.com\/actualites\/terroriste-ou-criminel-un-nouveau-logiciel-de-profilage-facial-6039683<\/span><\/a> <\/span><br \/>\n  <span lang=\"FR\">&#8211; (8<\/span><br \/>\n<\/span> May 2020)<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_18569_1_15\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_18569_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_18569_1_15');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>15<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Noga Bar-Noye- May 29, 2016- &#8220;Terrorism or criminal: new facial profiling software&#8221; &#8211; Alliance &#8211;  <a href=\"http:\/\/www1.alliancefr.com\/actualites\/terroriste-ou-criminel-un-nouveau-logiciel-de-profilage-facial-6039683-%20(8\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">http:\/\/www1.alliancefr.com\/actualites\/terroriste-ou-criminel-un-nouveau-logiciel-de-profilage-facial-6039683<\/span><\/a> &#8211; (May 8, 2020)<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_18569_1_16\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_18569_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_18569_1_16');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>16<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Collin de Plancy- &#8220;Cesare Baccaria-Des d\u00e9lits et des peines&#8221; &#8211; \u00c9ditions du Boucher- 2002- p26-\u00a76- <a href=\"http:\/\/www.leboucher.com\/pdf\/beccaria\/beccaria.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">http:\/\/www.leboucher.com\/pdf\/beccaria\/beccaria.pdf<\/span><\/a> (May 8, 2020)<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_18569_1_17\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_18569_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_18569_1_17');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>17<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Nathalie Kleczinski-July 9, 2019-&#8220;They invent makeup that fools facial recognition software&#8221; &#8211;  <span lang=\"EN-US\"><br \/>\n  <span lang=\"FR\">Neozone- <a href=\"https:\/\/www.neozone.org\/innovation\/ils-inventent-des-maquillages-qui-trompent-les-logiciels-de-reconnaissance-faciale\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/www.neozone.org\/innovation\/ils-inventent-des-maquillages-qui-trompent-les-logiciels-de-reconnaissance-faciale<\/span><\/a><\/span><br \/>\n<\/span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><br \/>\n  <span lang=\"FR\"> &#8211; (<\/span><br \/>\n  <span lang=\"FR\">8<\/span><br \/>\n<\/span>  May 2020)<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_18569_1_18\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_18569_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_18569_1_18');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>18<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\"><span lang=\"EN-US\"><br \/>\n  <a href=\"https:\/\/www.facepoint.co\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><br \/>\n    <span lang=\"FR\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/www.facepoint.co<\/span><\/span><br \/>\n  <\/a><br \/>\n<\/span> and Facepoint- &#8221; Facepoint Joins NVIDIA Inception Program-June 07 2018-<span lang=\"EN-US\"><br \/>\n  <a href=\"https:\/\/www.prnewswire.com\/news-releases\/facepoint-joins-nvidia-inception-program-684812531.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><br \/>\n    <span lang=\"FR\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/www.prnewswire.com\/news-releases\/facepoint-joins-nvidia-inception-program-684812531.html<\/span> <\/span><br \/>\n  <\/a><br \/>\n  <span lang=\"FR\">&#8211; (8<\/span><br \/>\n<\/span> May 2020)<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_18569_1_19\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_18569_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_18569_1_19');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>19<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Sharon Wajsbrot-February 15, 2018-&#8220;Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 G\u00e9n\u00e9rale va ou un compte grace \u00e0 la biom\u00e9trie faciale&#8221;- Les Echos&#8211;  <span lang=\"EN-US\"><br \/>\n  <span lang=\"FR\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.lesechos.fr\/2018\/02\/societe-generale-va-ouvrir-des-comptes-grace-a-la-biometrie-faciale-984551\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/www.lesechos.fr\/2018\/02\/societe-generale-va-ouvrir-des-comptes-grace-a-la-biometrie-faciale-984551<\/span><\/a> &#8211; <\/span><br \/>\n<\/span>( May 8, 2020)<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_18569_1_20\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_18569_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_18569_1_20');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>20<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Philip K-Dick-&#8220;I only believe what I see I only believe what I see&#8221;: can we stick to this principle? &#8220;February 28, 2006- <a href=\"https:\/\/www.philo52.com\/articles.php?lng=fr&amp;pg=241\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/www.philo52.com\/articles.php?lng=fr&amp;pg=241<\/span><\/a> &#8211; (May 8, 2020<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_18569_1_21\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_18569_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_18569_1_21');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>21<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">L&#8217;Obs avec AFP- September 4, 2019-&#8220;Zao, l&#8217;application qui met le &#8221; deepfake &#8221; \u00e0 la port\u00e9e de tous&#8221;- L&#8217;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nouvelobs.com\/monde\/20190904.OBS17972\/zao-l-application-qui-met-le-deepfake-a-la-portee-de-tous.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">OBS-<span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/www.nouvelobs.com\/monde\/20190904.OBS17972\/zao-l-application-qui-met-le-deepfake-a-la-portee-de-tous.html<\/span> <\/a>(May 8, 2020)<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_18569_1_22\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_18569_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_18569_1_22');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>22<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">L.Adam- September 3, 2019- &#8220;Deppfake: the scam boosted by neural networks&#8221;- ZDNet- <a href=\"https:\/\/www.zdnet.fr\/actualites\/deepfake-l-arnaque-boostee-aux-reseaux-neuronaux-39889969.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/www.zdnet.fr\/actualites\/deepfake-l-arnaque-boostee-aux-reseaux-neuronaux-39889969.htm<\/span><\/a> (May 8, 2020)<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n <\/tbody> <\/table> <\/div><\/div><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> function footnote_expand_reference_container_18569_1() { jQuery('#footnote_references_container_18569_1').show(); 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jQuery('html, body').animate({ scrollTop: l_obj_Target.offset().top - window.innerHeight * 0.2 }, 380); } }<\/script>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Do you remember that day on November 13, 2015? Everybody remembers it, nobody has forgotten it. France suffered one of the most appalling attacks in its history, with 130 dead on stage at the Bataclan and in the streets of our beautiful capital. On March 22, 2016, in Brussels, the sound of explosive charges echoed &hellip; <\/p>\n<p class=\"link-more\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.kaufholdreveillaud.lu\/en\/facial-recognition-a-risk-free-and-flawless-tool-in-the-fight-against-terrorism-and-its-funding\/\" class=\"more-link\">Continue reading<span class=\"screen-reader-text\"> &#8220;Facial recognition: a flawless, risk-free tool in the fight against terrorism and its financing?&#8221;<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":17481,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[257],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-18569","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-contributions-en","entry"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v26.7 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Facial recognition: a flawless, risk-free tool in the fight against terrorism and its financing? - Kaufhold et Reveillaud Avocats<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.kaufholdreveillaud.lu\/en\/facial-recognition-a-risk-free-and-flawless-tool-in-the-fight-against-terrorism-and-its-funding\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Facial recognition: a flawless, risk-free tool in the fight against terrorism and its financing? - Kaufhold et Reveillaud Avocats\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Do you remember that day on November 13, 2015? Everybody remembers it, nobody has forgotten it. France suffered one of the most appalling attacks in its history, with 130 dead on stage at the Bataclan and in the streets of our beautiful capital. 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